Learn how to troubleshoot and resolve internet connection problems that occur after restarting nftables, a Linux packet filtering framework.
In this first article I'll take a deep look at the packet flow. I'll show you how you can setup and use a flowtable and explain how that mechanism works internally. Flowtables is a network acceleration/fastpath feature within the Linux kernel, which has been created by the Netfilter developers.
It seems the requirement of representor device is reasonable. To make hardware offloading works, the NIC should be programmable to load forwarding rules like flowtable and this is what switchdev doing. And once offloading works, the representor will be the programming entrance and used by nftables.
You can select which flows you want to offload through the flow expression from the forward chain. Flows are offloaded after the state is created. That means that usually the first reply packet will create the flowtable entry. A firewall rule to accept the initial traffic is required.
Once the first packet of the flow successfully goes through the IP forwarding path, from the second packet on, you might decide to offload the flow to the flowtable through your ruleset.
Flowtables reside in the ingress hook that is located before the prerouting hook. You can select which flows you want to offload through the flow expression from the forward chain. Flowtables are identified by their address family and their name. The address family must be one of ip, ip6, or inet.
The list is empty before restarting nftables. I have configured my rules in /etc/nftables.conf, but there is probably "flush ruleset" somewhere during the boot process.
The nftables framework enables administrators to dynamically update sets. This section explains how you use this feature to temporarily block hosts that are establishing more than ten IPv4 TCP connections within one minute.
There are a couple of important points to consider when using Flowtables. Depending on the traffic characteristics, Flowtables may also drop the network performance. It also depends on the amount of rules and their configuration.
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